Serum levels of vitamin A, selenium, and better dietary total antioxidant capacity are related to lower oxidative DNA damage: A cross-sectional study of individuals at cardiovascular risk.

The risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVR) has been associated with oxidative DNA damage, but the genetic and environmental factors involved in the antioxidant and DNA repair system contributing to this damage are unknown. The aim was to evaluate the levels of oxidative DNA damage in CVR subjects and how it is related with some genetic and nutritional factors. The cross-sectional study evaluated 136 individuals of both sexes, aged 20-59 years, with at least one cardiovascular risk factor. The global risk score was used to classify individuals at low, intermediate, and high cardiovascular risk. The dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) was calculated using table with FRAP values. The oxidative DNA damage was verified by the comet assay. The variants null of Glutathione-S-transferases Mu1 and Theta 1(GSTM1 and GSTT1) and rs25487 of X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1 (XRCC1) were analyzed by real-time PCR and PCR-RFLP, respectively. The oxidative DNA damage was higher in patients with intermediate/high CVR than in patients with low CVR (P=.01). Individuals with GSTT1/GSTM1 null genotypes or arg/gln+gln/gln genotypes of the XRCC1 (rs25487) gene showed similar levels of oxidative DNA damage compared wild genotype. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that oxidative DNA damage in individuals with CVR depends on serum levels of vitamin A, selenium, and DTAC independently of the other factors [F(6.110)=8.213; P<.001; R2=0.330]. These findings suggest that nutritional factors such as DTAC, vitamin A and selenium may have a protective effect against oxidative DNA damage in these individuals.

A prospective study in women: açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) dietary intake affects serum p-selectin, leptin, and visfatin levels / Un estudio prospectivo en mujeres: la ingesta dietética de açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) afecta a los niveles séricos de p-selectina, leptina y visfatina

BACKGROUND: açaí is the fruit of the palm tree Euterpe oleracea Martius, which is native to the Amazon region. This fruit has been extensively studied due to its potential effects on human health. Studies have also evaluated the potential effect of açaí on the inflammatory response, but there are still few studies that have assessed this property in humans. OBJECTIVE: in this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of 200 g of açaí pulp consumption per day during four weeks on a rich panel of inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS: a prospective nutritional intervention study was conducted on forty apparently healthy women who consumed 200 g of açaí pulp per day for four weeks. A panel of serum inflammatory markers were evaluated before and after the nutritional intervention, namely, cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, IVAM-1, P-selectin, MCP-1, and fractalkine), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17) and adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and adipsin). The data were analyzed using paired Student's t-test to evaluate the effect of the intervention using PASW Statistics, version 18.0, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: four weeks of açaí pulp consumption decreased p-selectin, leptin, and visfatin concentrations in the serum of the participating women. CONCLUSION: these results show that consumption of açaí pulp was able to modulate important biomarkers of the inflammatory process in apparently healthy women

INTRODUCCIÓN: el açaí es el fruto de la palmera Euterpe oleracea Martius, originaria de la región amazónica. Esta fruta ha sido ampliamente estudiada debido a sus posibles efectos sobre la salud humana. Los estudios también han evaluado el efecto potencial del açaí sobre la respuesta inflamatoria, pero todavía hay pocos estudios que hayan evaluado esta propiedad en seres humanos. OBJETIVO: en este estudio, nuestro objetivo ha sido evaluar los efectos del consumo de 200 g de pulpa de açaí por día durante cuatro semanas sobre un rico panel de biomarcadores inflamatorios. MÉTODOS: se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo de intervención nutricional en el que cuarenta mujeres aparentemente sanas han consumido 200 g de pulpa de açaí al día durante cuatro semanas. Se ha evaluado un panel de marcadores inflamatorios séricos antes y después de la intervención nutricional, a saber, moléculas de adhesión celular (ICAM-1, IVAM-1, P-selectina, MCP-1 y fractalquina), interleucinas (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 e IL-17) y adipocinas (adiponectina, leptina, visfatina y adipsina). Los datos han sido analizados mediante la prueba de la t de Student pareada para evaluar el efecto de la intervención mediante el PASW Statistics, versión 18.0, y todo valor de p < 0,05 se consideró significativo. RESULTADOS: después de cuatro semanas de consumo de pulpa de açaí disminuyeron las concentraciones de p-selectina, leptina y visfatina en el suero de las mujeres participantes. CONCLUSIÓN: estos resultados muestran que el consumo de pulpa de açaí ha sido capaz de modular importantes biomarcadores del proceso inflamatorio en mujeres aparentemente sanas

A prospective study in women: açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) dietary intake affects serum p-selectin, leptin, and visfatin levels.

INTRODUCTION: Background: açaí is the fruit of the palm tree Euterpe oleracea Martius, which is native to the Amazon region. This fruit has been extensively studied due to its potential effects on human health. Studies have also evaluated the potential effect of açaí on the inflammatory response, but there are still few studies that have assessed this property in humans. Objective: in this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of 200 g of açaí pulp consumption per day during four weeks on a rich panel of inflammatory biomarkers. Methods: a prospective nutritional intervention study was conducted on forty apparently healthy women who consumed 200 g of açaí pulp per day for four weeks. A panel of serum inflammatory markers were evaluated before and after the nutritional intervention, namely, cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, IVAM-1, P-selectin, MCP-1, and fractalkine), interleukins (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17) and adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and adipsin). The data were analyzed using paired Student's t-test to evaluate the effect of the intervention using PASW Statistics, version 17.0, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: four weeks of açaí pulp consumption decreased p-selectin, leptin, and visfatin concentrations in the serum of the participating women. Conclusion: these results show that consumption of açaí pulp was able to modulate important biomarkers of the inflammatory process in apparently healthy women.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el açaí es el fruto de la palmera Euterpe oleracea Martius, originaria de la región amazónica. Esta fruta ha sido ampliamente estudiada debido a sus posibles efectos sobre la salud humana. Los estudios también han evaluado el efecto potencial del açaí sobre la respuesta inflamatoria, pero todavía hay pocos estudios que hayan evaluado esta propiedad en seres humanos. Objetivo: en este estudio, nuestro objetivo ha sido evaluar los efectos del consumo de 200 g de pulpa de açaí por día durante cuatro semanas sobre un rico panel de biomarcadores inflamatorios. Métodos: se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo de intervención nutricional en el que cuarenta mujeres aparentemente sanas han consumido 200 g de pulpa de açaí al día durante cuatro semanas. Se ha evaluado un panel de marcadores inflamatorios séricos antes y después de la intervención nutricional, a saber, moléculas de adhesión celular (ICAM-1, IVAM-1, P-selectina, MCP-1 y fractalquina), interleucinas (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 e IL-17) y adipocinas (adiponectina, leptina, visfatina y adipsina). Los datos han sido analizados mediante la prueba de la t de Student pareada para evaluar el efecto de la intervención mediante el PASW Statistics, versión 17.0, y todo valor de p < 0,05 se consideró significativo. Resultados: después de cuatro semanas de consumo de pulpa de açaí disminuyeron las concentraciones de p-selectina, leptina y visfatina en el suero de las mujeres participantes. Conclusión: estos resultados muestran que el consumo de pulpa de açaí ha sido capaz de modular importantes biomarcadores del proceso inflamatorio en mujeres aparentemente sanas.

Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) dietary intake affects plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, cholesteryl ester transfer to high-density lipoprotein and redox metabolism: A prospective study in women.

The açai fruit (Euterpe oleracea Martius), which is native to the Brazilian Amazon region, was shown to have high polyphenols and MUFA contents. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of açai consumption on plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, the transfer of lipids to HDL (which is a relevant HDL function), and some biomarkers of redox metabolism. Forty healthy volunteer women aged 24 ± 3 years consumed 200 g of açai pulp/day for 4 weeks; their clinical variables and blood sample were obtained before and after this period. Açai pulp consumption did not alter anthropometric parameters, systemic arterial pressure, glucose, insulin and total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein (apo) B, but it did increase the concentration of apo A-I. Açai consumption decreased the ROS, ox-LDL and malondialdehyde while increasing the activity of antioxidative paraoxonase 1. Overall, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was increased. Regarding the transfer of plasma lipids to HDL, açai consumption increased the transfer of cholesteryl esters (p = 0.0043) to HDL. Unesterified cholesterol, phospholipids and triglyceride transfers were unaffected. The increase in apo A-I and the cholesteryl ester transfer to HDL after the açai intake period suggests that an improvement in the metabolism of this lipoprotein occurred, and it is well known that HDL is protective against atherosclerosis. Another important finding was the general improvement of the anti-oxidant defences elicited by açai consumption. Our data indicate that açai has favourable actions on plasma HDL metabolism and anti-oxidant defence; therefore açai could have a beneficial overall role against atherosclerosis, and it is a consistently good candidate to consider as a functional food.

Efeitos moduladores do açaí (Euterpe oleraceae Mart) sobre biomarcadores de ingestão alimentar em mulheres com peso normal e excesso de peso / Acai modulator effects on food intake biomarkers in normal weight and overweight women

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Perfil nutricional de pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva / Nutritional profile of patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit

Introdução: Pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) são mais propensos às perdas calórico-proteicas durante sua permanência, o que interfere significativamente na recuperação e consequentemente demora para a alta hospitalar, bem como aumento da taxa de mortalidade. Para isso, a literatura dispõe de vários métodos e ferramentas de avaliação do estado nutricional para identificar pacientes em risco nutricional ou desnutridos. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil nutricional de indivíduos internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva a partir de métodos objetivos e subjetivos. Metodologia: Estudo transversal com 328 pacientes admitidos na UTI. Para avaliar o estado nutricional, foram obtidos dados objetivos antropométricos como índice de massa corporal (IMC), dobra cutânea tricipital (DCT), circunferência do braço (CB) e muscular do braço (CMB) e dados subjetivos como avaliação subjetiva global (ANSG), avaliação do risco nutricional 2002 (NRS 2002) e do índice do risco nutricional (IRN). Resultados: Dos 328 pacientes avaliados, 55,5% eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 61,4 ± 18,8 anos. Houve maior frequência de pacientes acima de 60 anos (62,5%) e de pacientes com acidente vascular encefálico (14,3%). No método objetivo, foi observado que 46,0% e 65,2% dos pacientes estavam eutróficos pelo IMC e CMB, respectivamente e 56,4% e 38,2% desnutridos pela DCT e pela CB. Os métodos subjetivos, identificaram elevada frequência de risco nutricional e desnutrição pela NRS 2002 e pelo IRN. Já na ANSG, metade dos pacientes estavam bem nutridos. Houve maior semelhança entre os diagnósticos da ANSG com as medidas antropométricas. Conclusão: A utilização dos diferentes métodos objetivos e subjetivos de avaliação nutricional são capazes de identificar o perfil nutricional dos pacientes internados em UTI, sendo importante aplicá-los concomitantemente pois contribui complementando informações para um melhor e real diagnóstico nutricional, uma vez que, para esses pacientes considerados críticos, não existem métodos considerados “padrão ouro” para avaliar o estado nutricional em situação de terapia intensiva (AU)

Introduction: Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are more prone to caloric-protein losses during their stay, which significantly impairs recovery and consequently delays in hospital discharge, as well as an increase in the mortality rate. For this, the literature has several methods and tools for assessing nutritional status to identify patients at nutritional or malnourished risk. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional profile of individuals hospitalized in an intensive care unit based on objective and subjective methods. Methodology: A cross-sectional study with 328 patients admitted to the ICU. To evaluate the nutritional status, we obtained anthropometric objectives such as body mass index (BMI), tricipital skinfold (DCT), arm circumference (CB) and arm muscle (CMB) and subjective data such as global subjective assessment (ANSG), Nutritional risk assessment 2002 (NRS 2002) and nutritional risk index (NRI). Results: Of the 328 patients evaluated, 55.5% were males, with a mean age of 61.4 ± 18.8 years. There was a higher frequency of patients over 60 years (62.5%) and patients with cerebrovascular accident (14.3%). In the objective method, it was observed that 46.0% and 65.2% of the patients were eutrophic by BMI and CMB, respectively, and 56.4% and 38.2% were malnourished by DCT and CB. The subjective methods identified a high frequency of nutritional risk and malnutrition by NRS 2002 and IRN. At ANSG, half of the patients were well nourished. Conclusions: The use of different objective and subjective methods of nutritional assessment are able to identify the nutritional profile of patients hospitalized in ICU, and it is important to apply them concomitantly as it contributes by complementing information to a Better and real nutritional diagnosis, since, for these patients considered critical, there are no methods considered “gold standard” to evaluate nutritional status in an intensive care situation (AU)

Nutrients can modulate the adiponectin concentrations in apparently healthy young adults / Los nutrientes pueden modular las concentraciones de adiponectina en adultos jóvenes aparentemente sanos

Introduction: Adiponectin, an adipocyte derived peptide, has anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects, and improves insulin sensitivity. However, little is known about dietary predictors and their interactions with lifestyle on adiponectin concentrations, in apparently healthy young adults. Objective: To evaluate the associations between plasma concentrations of adiponectin with dietary components and lifestyle in apparently healthy young adults. Methods: Anthropometric and body composition, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, diet and lifestyle data of 157 healthy young adults, aged 18 and 35, were collected and analyzed. Blood samples were collected after fasting for 12 hours to determine adiponectin concentrations. Dietary and anthropometric indexes were calculated and analyzed. Results: Adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher for women compared to men; and there was an indirect and significant correlation between adiponectin concentrations with BMI. There was a significant association between adiponectin concentrations with the healthy eating index, calories, lipids, proteins, fibers, riboflavin, and phosphorus, among others; and a tendency with carbohydrates and niacin. In multiple linear regression analysis, fiber and riboflavin (r2 = 0.0928; p = 0.0013) and carbohydrates and phosphorus were associated with the concentrations of adiponectin. The association with carbohydrates and phosphorus suffered interaction with gender (r2 = 0.2400; p < 0.0001), as well as the association with phosphorus also suffered interaction with physical activity (r2 = 0.1275; p = 0.0003) Conclusion: Plasma concentrations of adiponectin, in healthy young adults, seem to be modulated by components of diet depending on gender and physical activity (AU)

Introducción: la adiponectina, un péptido derivado de los adipocitos, tiene efectos antiinflamatorios y antiaterogénicos, y mejora la sensibilidad a la insulina. Sin embargo, se conoce poco sobre los predictores de la dieta, así como sobre las interacciones con el estilo de vida de las concentraciones de adiponectina en adultos jóvenes aparentemente sanos. Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre las concentraciones plasmáticas de adiponectina con los componentes de la dieta y estilo de vida en los adultos jóvenes aparentemente sanos. Métodos: fueron recogidos y analizados datos antropométricos y de composición corporal, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, datos de la dieta y del estilo de vida de 157 adultos jóvenes sanos, de entre 18 y 35 años de edad. Se tomaron muestras de sangre después de un ayuno de 12 horas para determinar las concentraciones de adiponectina y se calcularon y analizaron los índices dietéticos y antropométricos. Resultados: las concentraciones de adiponectina fueron significativamente mayores para las mujeres en comparación con los hombres; y había una correlación indirecta y significativa entre las concentraciones de adiponectina con el IMC. Hubo una asociación significativa entre las concentraciones de adiponectina con el índice de alimentación saludable, calorías, lípidos, proteínas, fibras, riboflavina y fósforo, entre otros; y una tendencia con los hidratos de carbono y niacina. En el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple, la fibra y la riboflavina (r2 = 0,0928, p = 0,0013) y los hidratos de carbono y el fósforo se asociaron con las concentraciones de adiponectina. La asociación con los hidratos de carbono y fósforo sufrió interacción con el género (r2 = 0,2400, p < 0,0001), así como la asociación con el fósforo también sufrió interacción con la actividad física (r2 = 0,1275, p = 0,0003). Conclusión: Las concentraciones plasmáticas de adiponectina, en adultos jóvenes aparentemente sanos, parecen estar moduladas por componentes de la dieta en forma dependiente de género y de la actividad física (AU)

Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp dietary intake improves cellular antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers of serum in healthy women.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of açai pulp (Euterpe oleracea Martius) intake on the prevention of oxidative damage by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers of protein oxidation in women. METHODS: A nutritional intervention study was conducted with thirty-five healthy women who were asked to consume 200 g/d of açai pulp for 4 wk. Blood samples were collected, and blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were measured before and after the experimental period. Antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, production of reactive oxygen species, and total antioxidant capacity were evaluated in polymorphonuclear cells. Serum concentration of protein carbonyl and sulfhydryl groups were also determined. RESULTS: The açai intake increased catalase activity, total antioxidant capacity, and reduced the production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, it reduced serum concentration of protein carbonyl and increased total serum sulfhydryl groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the antioxidant benefit of dietary açai for the healthy women included in the present study, and may increase understanding of the beneficial health properties of this fruit.

Influence of the leptin and cortisol levels on craving and smoking cessation.

Leptin inhibits cortisol release and may increase the craving for cigarettes, hindering the process of smoking cessation. We evaluate the influence of the initial concentration of cortisol and serum leptin on craving and smoking status in individuals after one month of treatment for smoking cessation. The leptin concentration was adjusted by the Initial Body Mass Index (BMI) (leptin/BMI) and the initial percentage of body fat (%BF) (leptin/%BF). The craving was assessed using the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges-Brief (QSU-Brief). The QSU-Brief was assessed about a score of factor 1 (positive reinforcement by tobacco), and factor 2 (negative reinforcement by tobacco). Correlation was found between QSU-Brief (Factor 1 and 2) with the initial concentration of leptin/BF% among those who continued to smoke. There was a negative correlation between cortisol levels and leptin/%BF in individuals who remained smokers after 1 month. There was a positive correlation between leptin/BMI and leptin/%BF with the QSU-Brief (Factor 2) of 1 month in women who remained smokers (r=0.565; p=0.023) and the QSU-Brief (Factor 2) initial among the abstinent women (r=0.551; p=0.033). The highest concentrations of leptin were associated with greater craving and difficulty in achieve abstinence.

The consumption of acai pulp changes the concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in apparently healthy women / El consumo de pulpa acai cambia las concentraciones de activador del plasminógeno inhibidor 1 y factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGT) en mujeres aparentemente sanas

Introduction: obesity, characterized by adiposity excess, is associated with endothelial dysfunction and possible inflammatory state with release of cytokines that determine endothelial function and can trigger chronic diseases. The dietary pattern are associated with the synthesis these cytokines. Fruits as the acai, which is rich in flavonoids, have a direct and beneficial effect on the control of this inflammatory process through the exercised antioxidant capacity. Objective: to evaluate the effect of acai pulp consumption on the inflammatory markers, anthropometric measurements, body composition, biochemical and dietary parameters in healthy women. Methods: forty women, were divided in 25 eutrophic and 15 with overweight. They intaked 200 g of acai pulp during 4 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, inflammatory markers, biochemical data, dietary intake and dietary antioxidants capacity were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results and discussion: after the intervention, there was significant increase of EGF (p=0.021) and PAI- 1(p=0.011) in overweight women. Moreover, there was increase in body weight (p=0.031), body mass index (p=0.028), percentage of truncal fat (p=0.003) and triceps skinfold thickness (p=0.046) in eutrophic women. However, the skinfold thickness (p=0.018) and total body fat (p=0.016) decreased in overweight women. There was reduction of total protein (p=0.049) due to the globulin reduction (p=0.005), but the nutritional status was maintained in eutrophic group. Conclusion: the intake of 200g acai pulp, modulated the EGF and PAI-1 expression, possibly by modulation of acai on the parameters of body composition, dietary, clinical, biochemical and inflammatory, led to a redistribution and resizing of body fat of the trunk area, and presumably increased visceral fat (AU)

Introducción: la obesidad, que se caracteriza por el exceso de adiposidad, se asocia con disfunción endotelial y posible estado inflamatorio con liberación de citoquinas que determinan la función endotelial y pueden desencadenar enfermedades crónicas. El patrón de dieta está asociado con la síntesis de estas citoquinas. Los frutos del acai, que es rico en flavonoides, tienen un efecto directo y positivo en el control de este proceso inflamatorio a través de los ejercicios de la capacidad antioxidante. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del consumo de pulpa de acai en los marcadores inflamatorios, las medidas antropométricas, la composición corporal y los parámetros bioquímicos y dietéticos en mujeres sanas. Métodos: cuarenta mujeres fueron divididas en 25 eutróficas y 15 con sobrepeso. Se las administró 200 g de pulpa de acai durante 4 semanas. Antes y después de la intervención se evaluaron: medidas antropométricas, composición corporal, marcadores inflamatorios, datos bioquímicos, ingesta dietética y antioxidantes en la dieta. Resultados y discusión: después de la intervención, hubo un aumento significativo de EGF (p=0,021) y PAI-1 (p=0,011) en las mujeres con sobrepeso. Por otra parte, en las mujeres eutróficas hubo aumento del peso corporal (p=0,031), el índice de masa corporal (p=0,028), el porcentaje de grasa del tronco (p=0,003) y el espesor del pliegue cutáneo del tríceps (p=0,046). Sin embargo, el espesor del pliegue cutáneo (p=0,018) y la grasa corporal total (p=0,016) se redujeron en las mujeres con sobrepeso. Hubo una reducción de la proteína total (p=0,049) debida a la disminución de globulina (p=0,005), pero el estado nutricional se mantuvo en el grupo eutrófico. Conclusión: la ingesta de 200 g de pulpa de acai modula el EGF y PAI-1 de expresión, posiblemente por la modulación del acai en los parámetros de la composición corporal, la dieta, clínicos, bioquímicos e inflamatorios, lo que dio lugar a una redistribución y modificación del tamaño de la grasa corporal de la zona del tronco, y, presumiblemente, un aumento de la grasa visceral (AU)

Hepatic inflammatory biomarkers and its link with obesity and chronic diseases / Biomarcadores hepáticos de inflamación y su vínculo con la obesidad y las enfermedades crónicas

Introduction: The low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance are two events that could be present in varying degrees, on obesity and chronic diseases. The degree of subclinical inflammation can be gauged by measuring the concentrations of some inflammatory biomarkers, including the hepatic origin ones. Some of those biomarkers are sialic acid, alfa1 -antitrypsin and the C-terminal fragment of alpha1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, homocystein and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Objectives: To approach the relation between adiposity and hepatic inflammatory markers, and to assess the possible associations between hepatic inflammatory biomarkers and obesity, as well as their capacity of predicting chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and atherotrombotic cardiovascular diseases. Methods: We used electronic scientific databases to select articles without restricting publication year. Results: The sialic acid predicts the chance increase to become type2 diabetic independently of BMI. Moreover, the alfa1 -antitripsin, ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen and haptoglobulin biomarkers, seem predict the chance increase to become type2 diabetic, dependently, of BMI. So, this process could be aggravated by obesity. The concentrations of fibrinogen, homocystein and PAI-1 increase proportionally to insulin resistance, showing its relation with metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance state) and with type2 diabetes. In relation to cardiovascular diseases, every biomarkers reported in this review seem to increase the risk, becoming useful in add important prognostic. Conclusion: This review integrates the knowledge concerning the possible interactions of inflammatory mediators, in isolation or in conjunction, with obesity and chronic diseases, since these biomarkers play different functions and follow diverse biochemical routes in human body metabolism (AU)

Introdución: El bajo grado de inflamación y la resistencia a la insulina son dos eventos que podrían estar presentes en mayor o menor grado, en la obesidad y las enfermedades crónicas. El grado de inflamación subclínica se puede evaluar por medición de las concentraciones de algunos biomarcadores inflamatorios, incluyendo los de origen hepático. Algunos de estos biomarcadores son el ácido siálico, α1-antitripsina y el fragmento C-terminal de la alfa 1 antitripsina, ceruloplasmina, fibrinógeno, haptoglobina, la homocisteína y el inhibidor-1 del activador del plasminógeno. Objetivos: Evaluar la relación entre la obesidad y los marcadores de inflamación hepática, y las posibles asociaciones entre los biomarcadores inflamatorios hepáticos y la obesidad, así como su capacidad de predicción de las enfermedades crónicas como la diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedades cardiovasculares aterotromboticas. Métodos: Se utilizaron bases científicas electrónicas para selección de artículos, sin límite de año de publicación. Resultados: El ácido siálico predice el aumento de convertirse en diabéticos tipo 2 independientemente del IMC. Por otra parte, los biomarcadores α1-antitripsina, ceruloplasmina, fibrinógeno y haptoglobulina, parecen predecir el aumento de convertirse en diabético tipo 2, dependiente, de IMC. Por lo tanto, este proceso podría verse agravada por la obesidad. Las concentraciones de fibrinógeno, homocisteína y PAI-1 incrementan proporcionalmente a la insulinoresisténcia, mostrando su relación con el síndrome metabólico (estado de resistencia insulínica) y con la diabetes tipo 2. En relación con las enfermedades cardiovasculares, cada biomarcador informado en esta revisión parece aumentar el riesgo, llegando a ser muy útil en el complemento pronóstico. Conclusion: Esta revisión se integra el conocimiento acerca de las posibles interacciones de los mediadores inflamatorios, en forma aislada o en combinación, con la obesidad y las enfermedades crónicas, ya que estos biomarcadores desempeñan funciones diferentes y siguen diversas rutas bioquímicas en el metabolismo del cuerpo humano (AU)

Caracterização sociodemográfica, nutricional e dietética de mulheres com câncer de mama atendidas em hospital público de Minas Gerais / Sociodemographic, nutritional and dietary characteristics of women with breast cancer treated at a public hospital in Minas Gerais state, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the sociodemographic, dietary and nutritional profile of women with breast cancer. Data Source: A case-control study was conducted in a public hospital in Minas Gerais state involving 43 women with breast cancer and a control group of 78 women. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and dietary analyses were carried out. Diet quality was measured by the Healthy Eating Index adapted for the Brazilian population. Data between groups were compared using the Chi-square and Fisher tests. Student ́s ttest and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the diet quality between the women with breast cancer and those of the control group. DATA SYNTHESIS: Most of the women with breast cancer had low educational level, lower socioeconomic status, higher frequency of overweight, and diet quality classified as needing improvement. In relation to food intake, the women with breast cancer consumed a higher amount of dairy products compared with those of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The women with breast cancer were classified as of lower socioeconomic level, overweight, and with diet requiring improvements. Studies on breast cancer should investigate such characteristics because this is a disease of multifactorial origin which presents several risk factors

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico, nutricional e dietético de mulheres com câncer de mama. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo caso-controle realizado em hospital público de Minas Gerais com 43 mulheres com câncer de mama e 78 mulheres do grupo controle. Foram realizadas as análises sociodemográficas, antropométricas e dietéticas. A qualidade da dieta foi medida pelo Índice de Alimentação Saudável adaptado para a população brasileira. Realizaram-se os testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher para comparar as variáveis entre os grupos e os testes t-Student e U-Mann-Whitney na comparação da qualidade da dieta entre o grupo de mulheres com câncer de mama e grupo controle. Resultados: A maior parte das mulheres com câncer de mama apresentou baixa escolaridade, pior condição socioeconômica, maior frequência de excesso de peso e qualidade da dieta classificada como necessitando de melhorias. Em relação ao consumo alimentar, esse grupo apresentou maior consumo de produtos lácteos quando comparado ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: Mulheres com câncer de mama foram classificadas com pior nível socioeconômico, excesso de peso e dieta pontualmente inadequada. Estudos sobre neoplasia mamária devem investigar tais características, já que essa é uma doença de origem multifatorial e, portanto, apresenta vários fatores de risco

Low energy and carbohydrate intake associated with higher total antioxidant capacity in apparently healthy adults.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary measurements in young and apparently healthy individuals. METHODS: We evaluated 156 individuals (91 women and 65 men; ages 23.1 ± 3.5 y; body mass index 22 ± 2.9 kg/m(2)) for anthropometrics, biochemical markers, clinical, dietary, and some components of the antioxidant defense system, including the plasma TAC. Statistical analyses were performed to detect differences between individuals with TAC higher and lower than the mean value and to screen the associations between TAC and variables of interest. A linear regression model was fitted to identify TAC predictors. RESULTS: Daily caloric intake and macronutrient consumption were lower in individuals who exhibited the highest TAC values (P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that daily calories and carbohydrate intake was a possible negative TAC predictor (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, there was no difference in the values of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in the individuals separated by means of TAC. In contrast, individuals whose plasma TAC values were above the mean showed higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values, and selenium in nails (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In physiological conditions, the caloric intake level seems to be an important factor to act in the modulation of plasma TAC, before establishing anthropometric impairments of body or metabolic composition, or both. Additionally, the plasma TAC increase may be able to act as a compensatory mechanism.

Adhesion molecules and chemokines; relation to anthropometric, body composition, biochemical and dietary variables.

INTRODUCTION: Among the inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, the cell adhesion molecules P-selectin, E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and the chemokine MCP-1 stand out. They play a crucial role in adherence of cells to endothelial surfaces, in the integrity of the vascular wall and can be modulated by body composition and dietary pattern. OBJETIVES: To describe and discuss the relation of these cell adhesion molecules and chemokines to anthropometric, body composition, dietary and biochemical markers. METHODS: Papers were located using scientific databases by topic searches with no restriction on year of publication. RESULTS: All molecules were associated positively with anthropometric markers, but controversial results were found for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Not only obesity, but visceral fat is more strongly correlated with E-selectin and MCP-1 levels. Weight loss influences the reduction in the levels of these molecules, except VCAM-1. The distribution of macronutrients, excessive consumption of saturated and trans fat and a Western dietary pattern are associated with increased levels. The opposite could be observed with supplementation of w-3 fatty acid, healthy dietary pattern, high calcium diet and high dairy intake. Regarding the biochemical parameters, they have inverse relation to HDLC and positive relation to total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, fasting insulin and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: Normal anthropometric indicators, body composition, biochemical parameters and eating pattern positively modulate the subclinical inflammation that results from obesity by reducing the cell adhesion molecules and chemokines.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Entre los mediadores inflamatorios involucrados en la fisiopatogenia de la obesidad, se destacan las moléculas de adhesión P-selectina, E-selectina, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 y la quimiocina MCP-1. Estas desempeñan un papel crucial en la adherencia de células en las superficies endoteliales y en la integridad de la pared vascular y pueden ser moduladas por la composición corporal y patrón alimentario. OBJETIVOS: Describir y discutir la relación de esas moléculas de adhesión y quimiocina con marcadores antropométricos, composición corporal, bioquímicas y dietéticas. MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron bases científicas electrónicas para selección de artículos, sin límite de año de publicación. RESULTADOS: Todas las moléculas se asociaron de forma positiva con marcadores antropométricos; sin embargo, se encontraron resultados controvertidos para ICAM-1 y VCAM-1. No solamente la obesidad per si, sino también la grasa visceral está más fuertemente relacionadas con las concentraciones de E-selectina y MCP-1. La pérdida de peso influencia en la reducción de las concentraciones de esas moléculas, con excepción de la VCAM-1. La distribución de macronutrientes, el consumo excesivo de grasa saturada y trans y un patrón alimentario occidental están asociados con aumento de sus concentraciones. El inverso se pudo observar con la suplementación de ácido graso w-3 en la dieta, el patrón alimentario sano y dieta rica en calcio y productos lácteos. Ya en cuanto a los parámetros bioquímicos, las mismas poseen relación inversa con HDL-c y positiva con colesterol total, triacilgliceroles, glicemia e insulinemia de ayuno y resistencia a insulina. CONCLUSIÓN:: Conclusión: Marcadores antropométricos, composición corporal, parámetros bioquímicos y patrón alimentario adecuados modulan positivamente la inflamación subclínica derivada de la obesidad por medio de la reducción de las moléculas de adhesión y quimiocinas.

Adhesion molecules and chemokines: relation to anthropometric, body composition, biochemical and dietary variables / Moléculas de adhesión y quimiocinas; relación con variables antropométricas, de composición corporal, bioquímicas y dietéticas

Introduction: Among the inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, the cell adhesion molecules Pselectin, E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and the chemokine MCP-1 stand out. They play a crucial role in adherence of cells to endothelial surfaces, in the integrity of the vascular wall and can be modulated by body composition and dietary pattern. Objectives: To describe and discuss the relation of these cell adhesion molecules and chemokines to anthropometric, body composition, dietary and biochemical markers. Methods: Papers were located using scientific databases by topic searches with no restriction on year of publication. Results: All molecules were associated positively with anthropometric markers, but controversial results were found for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Not only obesity, but visceral fat is more strongly correlated with E-selectin and MCP-1 levels. Weight loss influences the reduction in the levels of these molecules, except VCAM-1. The distribution of macronutrients, excessive consumption of saturated and trans fat and a Western dietary pattern are associated with increased levels. The opposite could be observed with supplementation of w-3 fatty acid, healthy dietary pattern, high calcium diet and high dairy intake. Regarding the biochemical parameters, they have inverse relation to HDLC and positive relation to total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, fasting insulin and insulin resistance. Conclusion: Normal anthropometric indicators, body composition, biochemical parameters and eating pattern positively modulate the subclinical inflammation that results from obesity by reducing the cell adhesion molecules and chemokines (AU)

Introducción: Entre los mediadores inflamatorios involucrados en la fisiopatogenia de la obesidad, se destacan las moléculas de adhesión P-selectina, E-selectina, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 y la quimiocina MCP-1. Estas desempeñan un papel crucial en la adherencia de células en las superficies endoteliales y en la integridad de la pared vascular y pueden ser moduladas por la composición corporal y patrón alimentario. Objetivos: Describir y discutir la relación de esas moléculas de adhesión y quimiocina con marcadores antropométricos, composición corporal, bioquímicas y dietéticas. Métodos: Se utilizaron bases científicas electrónicas para selección de artículos, sin límite de año de publicación. Resultados: Todas las moléculas se asociaron de forma positiva con marcadores antropométricos; sin embargo, se encontraron resultados controvertidos para ICAM-1 y VCAM-1. No solamente la obesidad per si, sino también la grasa visceral está más fuertemente relacionadas con las concentraciones de E-selectina y MCP-1. La pérdida de peso influencia en la reducción de las concentraciones de esas moléculas, con excepción de la VCAM-1. La distribución de macronutrientes, el consumo excesivo de grasa saturada y trans y un patrón alimentario occidental están asociados con aumento de sus concentraciones. El inverso se pudo observar con la suplementación de ácido graso w-3 en la dieta, el patrón alimentario sano y dieta rica en calcio y productos lácteos. Ya en cuanto a los parámetros bioquímicos, las mismas poseen relación inversa con HDL-c y positiva con colesterol total, triacilgliceroles, glicemia e insulinemia de ayuno y resistencia a insulina. Conclusión: Marcadores antropométricos, composición corporal, parámetros bioquímicos y patrón alimentario adecuados modulan positivamente la inflamación subclínica derivada de la obesidad por medio de la reducción de las moléculas de adhesión y quimiocinas (AU)

Avaliação da qualidade da dieta pelo Índice de Alimentação Saudável e suas variações: uma revisão bibliográfica / Evaluation of diet quality by the Healthy Eating Index and its variations: a bibliographical review

O Índice de Alimentação Saudável (IAS) é um indicador da qualidade da dieta desenvolvido de acordo com as diretrizes alimentares americanas. De uma maneira geral, os índices de avaliação da qualidade da dieta, a exemplo do IAS e suas variações, são instrumentos usados para analisar e guiar a ingestão de nutrientes e de grupos de alimentos. A composição dos índices tem sido constantemente atualizada e revisada de acordo com as recomendações de guias alimentares e diretrizes nutricionais específicas, originando novos índices aplicáveis a grupos populacionais específicos. A análise do consumo alimentar bem como das (in)adequações nutricionais pelos índices de avaliação da qualidade da dieta possibilita a promoção da saúde por meio de programas de educação nutricional. Este trabalho tem como objetivo sumarizar o Índice de Alimentação Saudável, suas adaptações e revisões segundo as recomendações de guias e pirâmides alimentares específicas para as populações norte-americanas e brasileiras (AU)

The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is an indicator of diet quality developed according to American dietary guidelines. In general, the diet quality indexes, such as the HEI and its variations, are tools used to analyze and guide the intake of nutrients and food groups. The indices composition have been constantly updated and revised according to the recommendations of specific dietary guidelines, creating new indexes applicable in population groups. The analysis of food consumption as well as the nutritional (in) adequacy by quality diet indexes allows the promotion of health through nutrition education programs. This paper aims to summarize the Healthy Eating Index, their adaptations and revisions in accordance with the recommendations of guidelines and food pyramids for American and Brazilian populations (AU)

Association between nutritional status, C-reactive protein, adiponectin and HOMA-AD in Brazilian children / Asociación entre estado nutricional, proteína c reactiva, adiponectina y HOMA-AD en niños brasileños

Introduction: In children, the presence of obesity is a major risk factor for the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases on the adulthood. Objective: To evaluate the association of anthropometry, body composition, clinical variables and biochemical profile with C-reactive protein and adiponectin levels, and insulin resistance in children in the municipality of Nova Era, Brazil. Methods: Nested case-control study following a crosssectional study. We evaluated 178 children, 57 of them classified as obese and 121 as normal-weight from a population of 1024 schoolchildren 6 to 10 years old: Blood samples were collected after 12-hour fast to obtain serum and plasma. We collected anthropometric and body composition measures, systolic and diastolic blood pressure data. Sexual maturation was assessed according to the stage of sexual development. We performed Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson’s correlation, Spearman’s test and multiple linear regression analysis. Independent variables with p < 0.05 were included in the multiple regression model. Residual analysis was performed to assess model validity. Results: Among obese children, C-reactive protein levels were associated with triacylglycerol levels and body fat percentage estimated by skinfold thickness (R2 adjusted = 27.6%, p < 0.001). Adiponectin was associated with HOMA-IR, HOMAAD and body fat percentage estimated by skinfold thickness (R2 adjusted = 75.5%, p < 0.001). HOMA-AD index was associated with HOMA-IR, adiponectin, systolic blood pressure and weight (R2 adjusted = 90.7%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Significant associations were found between body composition, anthropometry, clinical variables, biochemical profile and adiponectin and C-reactive protein levels and insulin resistance in obese and normal-weight children (AU)

Introducción: En niños, la obesidad es un factor de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares en la edad adulta. Objetivos: Asociaciar la antropometría, composición corporal, variables clínicas y bioquímicas con la proteína C reactiva (PCR), adiponectina y resistencia a la insulina en niños de Nova Era, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles anidado en un transversal. Se evaluaron 178 niños, 57 obesos y 121 eutróficos en una población de 1.024 escolares de 6 a 10 años. Las muestras de sangre se recogieron después de 12 horas de ayuno. Recogimos las medidas antropométricas, de composición corporal y presión arterial. La madurez sexual fue evaluada de acuerdo con el desarrollo sexual. Se realizó las pruebas t de Student y U de MannWhitney, las correlaciones de Pearson y Spearman y el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Se incluyeron en el modelo de regresión, las variables independientes con p < 0,05. Se realizó el análisis residual para evaluar la validez del modelo. Resultados: Entre los niños obesos, los niveles de PCR se asociaron con los triglicéridos y el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) estimada por los pliegues cutáneos (R2 ajustado = 27,6%, p < 0,001). La adiponectina se asoció con HOMA-IR, HOMA-AD y % GC estimada por los pliegues cutáneos (R2 ajustado = 75,5%, p < 0,001). El HOMA-AD se asoció con HOMA-IR, adiponectina, presión arterial sistólica y peso (R2 ajustado = 90,7%, p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Se encontraron asociaciones entre la composición corporal, antropometría, variables clínicas, perfil bioquímico, adiponectina, PCR y la resistencia a la insulina en niños obesos y eutróficos (AU)

Modulators of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity in healthy adults: an observational study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential modulators of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in young and apparently healthy individuals. One hundred one individuals (53 women and 48 men) were evaluated for anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, clinical, dietary, and endogenous and exogenous components of the antioxidant defense system. Statistical analysis was performed to detect differences among subjects by the median of GPx activity. A linear regression model and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to screen the associations between GPx activity and interest variables. Individuals with higher GPx enzymatic activity were older and higher circulating levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) values, but conversely lower nail concentrations of selenium and copper (P < 0.05). The GPx activity was positively correlated to truncal fat percentage values (r = 0.24, P = 0.016), circulating levels of ox-LDL (r = 0.28, P = 0.004), and daily vitamin C intake (r = 0.28, P = 0.007), and negatively correlated to the nail concentration of selenium (r = -0.24, P = 0.026). Interesting, it was noticed that the truncal fat percentage and circulating levels of ox-LDL explained 5.9 and 7.4% of the GPx enzymatic activity. Thus, preventive measures such as adequate antioxidant intake and proper fat percentage would be a priority in the nutritional care of young and apparently healthy individuals.

Metabolic syndrome components can predict C reactive protein concentration in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is suggested to be associated with a low grade inflammation state, but the relationship between inflammation biomarkers and the components of metabolic syndrome in adolescents are still lacking. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) serum concentrations and metabolic syndrome components in adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional population based study was conducted. Anthropometric, biochemical and clinical data were collected from 524 adolescents (11-15 years old) randomly sampled from school population of Alegre city, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Data were analyzed by STATA version 9.0. RESULTS: Adolescents with higher values for BMI (p = 0.001) and higher body fat percentage (p = 0.003) had higher CRP concentrations than those with lower BMI and body fat percentage. CRP concentrations was directly correlated with BMI (r = 0.17, p = 0.0001), waist circumference (r = 0.15, p = 0.0005), HDL-c (r = 0.13, p = 0.003), fasting insulin (r = 0.12, p = 0.003) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.11, p with = 0.01). In the multiple linear regression analysis BMI (r = 0.05, p = 0.002), fasting glucose (r = -0.01, p = 0.003) and HDL-c (r = 0.017, p < 0.001) were associated to CRP concentrations after adjusting for the other components of MS. CONCLUSION: The association found between individual components of MS and CRP concentrations suggests that inflammation might be an early event in the development of metabolic disorders in adolescents.

Antecedentes: El síndrome metabólico (SM) se sugiere que está asociada con un estado de inflamación crónica de bajo grado, pero la relación entre biomarcadores de inflamación crónica de bajo grado, pero la relación entre biomarcadores de inflamación y los componentes del síndrome metabólico en adolescentes son escasos. Objetivo: Investigar la asociación entre las concentraciones séricas de proteína C reactiva (CRP) y los componentes del síndrome metabólico en adolescentes. Metodología: Hemos realizado una población basada en estudio de corte transversal. Los datos antropométricos, bioquímicos y clínicos se obtuvieron de 524 adolescentes (11-15 años de edad) seleccionados al azar de la población escolar de la ciudad Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados por STATA versión 9.0. Resultados: Los adolescentes, con valores más altos de IMC (p = 0,001) y mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal (p = 0,003) tuvieron mayores concentraciones de PCR que aquellos con menor IMC y porcentaje de grasa corporal. Las concentraciones de PCR se correlacionó directamente con el IMC (r = 0,17, p = 0,0001), la circunferencia de la cintura (r = 0,15, p = 0,0005), HDL-c (r = 0,13, p = 0,003), la insulina en ayunas (r = 0,12, p = 0,009) y la presión arterial sistólica (r = 0,11, p = a 0,01). En el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple IMC (r = 0,05, p = 0,002), la glucosa en ayunas (r = -0,01, p = 0,003) y HDL-c (r = 0,017, p < 0,001) se asociaron a las concentraciones de PCR después de ajustar por los otros componentes de SM. Conclusión: La asociación encontrada entre los componentes individuales de SM y las concentraciones de PCR sugiere que la inflamación podría ser un evento temprano en el desarrollo de trastornos metabólicos en los adolescentes.

Metabolic syndrome components can predict C reactive protein concentration in adolescents / Componentes del síndrome metabólico pueden predecir concentración de proteína C reactiva en adolescentes

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is suggested to be associated with a low grade inflammation state, but the relationship between inflammation biomarkers and the components of metabolic syndrome in adolescents are still lacking.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) serum concentrations and metabolic syndrome components in adolescents.METHODS: A cross-sectional population based study was conducted. Anthropometric, biochemical and clinical data were collected from 524 adolescents (11-15 years old) randomly sampled from school population of Alegre city, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Data were analyzed by STATA version 9.0.RESULTS: Adolescents with higher values for BMI (p = 0.001) and higher body fat percentage (p = 0.003) had higher CRP concentrations than those with lower BMI and body fat percentage. CRP concentrations was directly correlated with BMI (r = 0.17, p = 0.0001), waist circumference (r = 0.15, p = 0.0005), HDL-c (r = 0.13, p = 0.003), fasting insulin (r = 0.12, p = 0.003) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.11, p with = 0.01). In the multiple linear regression analysis BMI (r = 0.05, p = 0.002), fasting glucose (r = -0.01, p = 0.003) and HDL-c (r = 0.017, p < 0.001) were associated to CRP concentrations after adjusting for the other components of MS.CONCLUSION: The association found between individual components of MS and CRP concentrations suggests that inflammation might be an early event in the development of metabolic disorders in adolescents (AU)

Antecedentes: El síndrome metabólico (SM) se sugiere que está asociada con un estado de inflamación crónica de bajo grado, pero la relación entre biomarcadores de inflamación crónica de bajo grado, pero la relación entre biomarcadores de inflamación y los componentes del síndrome metabólico en adolescentes son escasos. Objetivo: Investigar la asociación entre las concentraciones séricas de proteína C reactiva (CRP) y los componentes del síndrome metabólico en adolescentes. Metodología: Hemos realizado una población basada en estudio de corte transversal. Los datos antropométricos, bioquímicos y clínicos se obtuvieron de 524 adolescentes (11-15 años de edad) seleccionados al azar de la población escolar de la ciudad Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados por STATA versión 9.0. Resultados: Los adolescentes, con valores más altos de IMC (p = 0,001) y mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal (p = 0,003) tuvieron mayores concentraciones de PCR que aquellos con menor IMC y porcentaje de grasa corporal. Las concentraciones de PCR se correlacionó directamente con el IMC (r = 0,17, p = 0,0001), la circunferencia de la cintura (r = 0,15, p = 0,0005), HDL-c (r = 0,13, p = 0,003), la insulina en ayunas (r = 0,12, p = 0,009) y la presión arterial sistólica (r = 0,11, p = a 0,01). En el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple IMC (r = 0,05, p = 0,002), la glucosa en ayunas (r = -0,01, p = 0,003) y HDL-c (r = 0,017, p < 0,001) se asociaron a las concentraciones de PCR después de ajustar por los otros componentes de SM. Conclusión: La asociación encontrada entre los componentes individuales de SM y las concentraciones de PCR sugiere que la inflamación podría ser un evento temprano en el desarrollo de trastornos metabólicos en los adolescentes (AU)